Electromagnetic Warfare Fundamentals for Operations Research

As the electromagnetic operational environment (EMOE) continues to become increasingly congested and contested, it may present an enduring challenge for senior military leaders. These potential challenges are highlighted in core strategic guidance, which emphasizes the need for advanced solutions to ensure reliable and secure access to the electromagnetic spectrum. This research uses a recent electromagnetic warfare (EW ) capability analysis as a case study to demonstrate how operations research analysts can approach the modeling of EW in complex operational environments. In this study, we integrate foundational concepts from EW with advanced mathematical modeling techniques, specifically mixed-integer programming (MIP) optimization. Through collaboration with subject matter experts and feedback from operational personnel, we developed a robust model that explicitly represents core EW functions, specifically Electromagnetic Support (ES) and Electromagnetic Attack (EA). By employing these techniques, we can assess the effectiveness of different technological assets and strategies in a static operational setting. Our research provides valuable insights into how the electromagnetic spectrum can be effectively utilized in strategic decision-making processes, particularly regarding investment and resource allocation. The findings not only help inform current investment decisions but also lay the groundwork for future modeling techniques that could enhance the broader analytic community's ability to plan and execute operations in a variety of environments.

This research offers a practical example of how explicit system behaviors can be modeled and analyzed. By providing a structured approach to examining asset effectiveness, our work contributes to the broader field of advanced systems and spectrum research. The methodologies and insights presented in this study are expected to support ongoing efforts to refine spectrum capabilities and guide future developments, ultimately improving operational resilience in complex and contested electromagnetic environments.